Polyplosphaeria fusca
Polyplosphaeria fusca Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray., in Tanaka, Hirayama, Yonezawa, Hatakeyama, Harada, Sano, Shirouzu & Hosoya, Stud. Mycol. 64: 193 (2009)
MycoBank MB515267.
Ascomata 180–420 µm high, 300–680 µm diam, scattered to clustered, erumpent to superficial, globose, black to sometimes reddish-brown, with short brown hyphae at sides, mostly associated with reddish pigment. Beak 50–90 µm long, 75 µm diam, slightly papillate, central, with hyaline periphyses, composed of subglobose to polygonal slightly thickened cells of 2–5 µm diam. Ascomatal wall at sides 20–50 µm thick, composed of 4–7 layers of (irregular to paralell rows) rectangular to polygonal brown cells of 2.5–12.5 × 2.5–5 µm diam, sometimes poorly developed at the base. Pseudoparaphyses trabecular, numerous, tortuous, 1–2 µm wide, septate, branched and anastomosed, associated with gelatinous material. Asci (84–) 92.5–135 × 17–23 µm (av. 107.9 × 20.1 µm, n = 32), fissitunicate, clavate, short-stalked (10–30 µm long), with 8 biseriate ascospores. Ascospores 36.5–49(–57) × 7–10 µm (av. 43.8 × 8.4 µm, n = 111), L/W 4.5–5.8 (av. 5.2, n = 111), narrowly fusiform, slightly curved, with a submedian primary septum (0.49–0.53; av. 0.51, n = 106), constricted at the primary septum, 1(–3)-septate, hyaline to pale olive-brown, with a sheath up to 12 µm wide. At germination ascospores become 3- to 5-septate and produce germ tubes from both end cells.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA attaining 1.9–2 cm diam, velvety in appearance, dark green (28F8), with whitish entire margin of 2 mm; reverse raw-sienna (6D7); mellon (5A6) pigment produced. On RSA, a Tetraploa-like anamorph with 3 to 8 setose appendages and a teleomorph are observed. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic. Conidia 43–100(–125) µm diam (av. 71.2 µm, n = 58), globose to subglobose, brown, almost smooth, verrucose at the base. Appendages 92–200(–235) µm long (av. 147.6 µm, n = 56), 7–10 µm wide at the base, 2–3.5 µm wide at the apex, with 4–10 septa at 15 to 28 µm intervals. The teleomorph is similar to that found on the host, but the asci and ascospores in culture are slightly larger. Asci 120–155 × 17.5–23 µm (av. 135.4 × 20 µm, n = 56). Ascospores 39–54(–57) × 8.5–10.5 µm (av. 47.7 × 9.6 µm, n = 70), L/W 4.3–5.7 (av. 5.0, n = 70), with a submedian primary septum (0.50–0.53; av. 0.52 n = 69), 1–3-septate.
Notes: This species has a broad host preference within Bambusoideae because it has been associated with four bamboo genera in two subtribes; Arundinariinae (Pleioblastus and Sasa) and Shibataeinae (Chimonobambusa and Phyllostachys). As discussed later, two distinct clades, KT1043+1640 and KT1616+2124, were found for this species in the tree. Ascomata in these specimens are “almost superficial without associated pigmentation” and “immersed to erumpent with reddish pigments”, respectively. Possibly, they may reflect the differences between the bamboo hosts, Arundinariinae and Shibataeinae. Additional material will be helpful to evaluate the taxonomic significance of these variations.
Figure X. Polyplosphaeria fusca. A. Ascomata on host surface; B–C. Ascomata in longitudinal section; D–G. Ascospores; H. Ascospore in India ink; I. Germinating ascospore; J–K. Asci; L. Ascomal wall; M. Pseudoparaphyses; N. Conidia on rice straw agar; O–P. Conidia; Q. Conidial body with peel-like wall; R. Colonies on PDA after 45 d at 25 °C in the dark. Scale bars: A = 1 000 µm; B, N = 200 µm; C–F, M = 10 µm; G–H, J–L, Q = 20 µm; I, O–P = 50 µm; R = 1 cm. A–C, H–J, L from HHUF 29399 holotype; D, N, P, R from culture KT 1616; E from HHUF 29405; F–G, K, M from HHUF 30018; O from culture KT 1043; Q from culture KT 2124.
Reference: Hyde KD, de Silva NI, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, et al. 2020 – AJOM new records and collections of fungi: 1-100. Asian Journal of Mycology 3(1), 22–294.
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