Sarocladium kiliense
Sarocladium kiliense (Grütz) Summerb., in Summerbell, Gueidan, Schroers, Hoog, Starink, Arocha Rosete, Guarro & Scott, Stud. Mycol. 68: 158 (2011)
Index Fungorum number: IF 519592 Facesoffungi number: FoF05816
Basionym: Acremonium kiliense Grütz, Dermat. Wochenschr. 80: 774 (1925)
Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, sporulated in PDA medium. Colonies attaining a diam. of 2.6 cm in 12 days at 22 °C, entire margin, circular, dense, moist, with radial wrinkles on the surface, pink from above and reverse. Mycelium strands form at the central of colonies from which the phialides are produced. Phialides 20–46 × 1–2 μm (x̄ = 34 × 1.7 μm, n = 50) phialidic, slender, tapering towards the apex. Conidia 2–6 × 1–2 μm (x̄ = 4 × 1.5 μm, n = 100), abundant, cylindrical to elliptical, asepate, hyaline, smooth-walled, straight to curved, with round end, tending to gather in slimy head at the tip of phialide.
Host and Habitat: Endophytic, pathogenic or saprobic on Brassica napus, Ficus carica, Malus domestica, Phoenix dactylifera and scarred leaves of an unidentified plant as well as animal and human pathogens (Hyde et al. 2019; Farr and Rossman 2021).
Known distribution: China (Hubei, Yunnan), England, Iran, Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom (Farr and Rossman 2021).
Material examined: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Botany, on scarred leaves of an unidentified plant, 10 September 2017, R. Phookamsak, Dry culture (HKAS 101476), living culture KUMCC 18-0031.
GenBank Accession No: ITS: MK616348, LSU: MK616474.
Figure X. Sarocladium kiliense (HKAS 101476, new record). a, b Upper and reverse view of culture on PDA after 17 days. c Mycelium strand form at centra of colony. d Phialides arising from mycelium strand. e, f Phialides bearing conidia. g–j Conidia. Scale bars: d = 100 μm, e, f = 15 μm, g–j = 3 μm.
Notes: The new isolate (KUMCC 18-0031) has a close affinity with Sarocladium kiliense (CBS 122.29) based on the analysis of a combined LSU and ITS sequence data (Hyde et al. 2019). Comparison of ITS sequence showed 1/519 bp nucleotides differ from the type strain of S. kiliense (CBS 122.29 = MUCL 9724). Sarocladium kiliense is a combined species which initially proposed by Summerbell et al. (2011) based on the phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU and SSU sequences. The morphological descriptions of S. kiliense such as strain MUCL 9724 (Perdomo et al. 2011) and strain IR5 (Ebrahimi and Fotouhifar 2016) were given. KUMCC 18-0031 morphologically resembles type strain MUCL 9724 by having cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, conidia with rounded ends which is in slimy heads and dirty white to pale orange colony but differ in absent of adelophialides and chlamydospores. KUMCC 18-0031 also similar to strain IR5 in colonial characters as well as the shape and size of phialides (tapering toward apex, 19–48 × 1–2 μm) and conidia (cylindrical with round end, 3–7 × 1–2 μm), but differ in absence of chlamydospores (Ebrahimi and Fotouhifar 2016). Historically, S. kiliense can be an endophyte (strain CanL-10b, China) on Brassica napus (Zhang et al. 2014), a pathogen such as strain IR5 (Iran) on Malus domstica leaf (Ebrahimi and Fotouhifar 2016), strain CBS 400.52 (England) on Ficus carica (Lombard et al. 2015), strain CBS 122.29 (Germany) on skin infection of man (Herrera et al. 2013), strain FMR 10426 (USA) on blood of human or animal (Irinyi et al. 2015). Sarocladium kiliense have close association with human infections and plant scab, the detailed morphological description is necessary for rapid diagnosis of agent which causes disease (Perdomo et al. 2011). Herewith a new collection of S. kiliense is reported from Yunnan, China.
Reference:
1. Ebrahimi L, Fotouhifar K (2016) Identification of some fungi accompanying the scab symptoms in Iran. Mycologia Iranica 3: 25–37.
2. Farr DF, Rossman AY (2021) Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
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