Cordyceps rosea
Cordyceps rosea Kobayasi & Shimizu, Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 8(4): 112 (1982)
Index Fungorum number: IF114258 Facesoffungi number: FoF07467
Sexual morph: Stroma arising from insect body, stipitate, multiple or single, flexuous or straight, orange, fleshy, unbranched. Perithecia 329–846 × 343–667 (x̄ = 555 × 486, n = 20) μm, superficial, born on upper region of stroma, ovoid. Peridium 22–49 (x̄ = 34, n = 20) μm wide, membranous, comprised of yellow, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Asci 212–595 × 2.5–5.5 (x̄ = 395 × 4, n = 30) μm, 8-spored, unitunicate, narrowly cylindrical, with round, attenuate base and thickened, hemispherical cap. Ascospores 2–5.5 × 0.7–1.5 (x̄ = 3 × 1, n = 100) μm, filiform, hyaline, disarticulating into secondary spores and spraying from perithecia when mature. Secondary ascospores cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, truncated at both ends, straight, occasionally swollen spores present. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Culture characteristics: Colonies growing on PDA, circular, slightly raised, edge entire, velvety, reaching 18 mm in 16 days at 25 °C, white to pale yellow in PDA medium.
Known distribution: Taiwan
Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, Honghe County, Jiayin Village, Amushan protected area, on Lepidoptera pupa, 23 October 2018, De-Ping Wei, AMS10 (HKAS 102492, reference specimen designated here), ibid; AMS06 (HKAS 102495), TSQ09B (HKAS 102493), TSQ09C (HKAS 102494), TSQ09E (HKAS 102496); KUMCC 20-0002, living culture.
GenBank Accession No: ITS: TSQ09B = MT012342, TSQ09C = MT012343, TSQ09E = MT012344, AMS06 = MT012345, AMS10 = MT012346; LSU: TSQ09B = MT012349, TSQ09C = MT012350, TSQ09E = MT012351, AMS06 = MT012352, AMS10 = MT012353; SSU: TSQ09B = MT012356, TSQ09C = MT012357, TSQ09E = MT012358, AMS06 = MT012359, AMS10 = MT012360; tef1tef1: TSQ09B = MT025048, TSQ09C = MT025049, TSQ09E = MT025050, AMS06 = MT025051, AMS10 = MT025052; RPB2: TSQ09B = MT025044, TSQ09C = MT025045, TSQ09E = MT025046.
Notes: Cordyceps rosea was initially discovered on larva of Lepidoptera in Honshu Province, Japan and was introduced by Kobayasi & Shimizu (1982). Its macro-morphology and molecular data were made available in Kepler et al. (2017), but the details of micro-morphology are still lacking. Our isolates resemble the reference specimen in having fleshy, orange stroma and superficial, conical perithecia. In addition, the multi-locus based phylogenetic tree shows that our isolates form a clade sister to Cordyceps rosea (spat 09-053) with high support (99% ML/0.99 PP). The nucleotide differences between our isolates and Cordyceps rosea (spat 09-053) are lower than 1.5% for LSU and SSU sequences, and higher for tef1 sequences. Unfortunately, ITS sequences of Cordyceps rosea (spat 09-053) are not available for comparison. The ITS nucleotide sequences of our isolates TSQ09B, TSQ09C, TSQ09E, AMS10 are identical, but differ from AMS06 in two gaps and one base pair. To conclude, there are many differences in the tef1 sequences, but the subtle differences in the ITS sequence and phylogenetic analysis as well as the macro-morphologic features support our isolates to be a new geographical record of Cordyceps rosea in mainland China. Given that the molecular data and morphological descriptions of Cordyceps rosea were untraceable, we propose a reference specimen for this species with support from phylogeny and morphological data.
Figure X. Cordyceps rosea (HKAS102492, lectotype). a–e Stroma raised from insect body. f Perithecia in stroma. g Vertical section through perithecia. h Perithecium. i Peridium. i Asci. k–m Disarticulating ascospores. n Part of asci. o Apical region of asci. p, q Upper and lower view of culture on PDA. a, f, g, h, j, k, m, p, q from HKAS102492 (neotype), b from HKAS102493, c from HKAS102494, d from HKAS102496, e, l, n, o from HKAS102495. Scale bar: f, g = 1000 μm, h = 500 μm, i = 30 μm, j = 50 μm, k, n, o = 20 μm, l, m =5 μm, k = 10 μm, n-p=3 μm. (m stained with cotton blue solution).
Reference: Hyde KD, de Silva NI, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Liu NG, Chaiwan N, Bulgakov TS (2020) AJOM new records and collections of fungi: 1–100. Asian Journal of Mycology, 3, 22-294.
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