Colletotrichum plurivorum
Colletotrichum plurivorum Damm, Alizadeh & Toy, Stud. Mycol. 92: 1–46. 2019
Index Fungorum number: IF 824228 Facesoffungi number: FoF 10691
Pathogenic to persimmon (Diospyros ehretioides) and causes brown leaf spots on leaves. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, solitary, superficial or immersed, non-stromatic, globose to pyriform, ostiolate, glabrous. Asci unitunicate, 8-spored, cylindrical, smooth-walled, broadly truncated at the base. Ascospores uni- or biseriate, aseptate, hyaline, pale brown with age, allantoid to fusiform, rounded ends, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: conidiophores pale brown, smooth-walled, simple or septate, branched, up to 30 μm long. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 7–19 × 4–5.5 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindrical, sometimes slightly clavate on apex, base rounded, 10–20 × 4–8 μm (mean = 13 × 5 μm, n = 30). Appressoria solitary, dark brown, irregular in outline, undulate to lobate margin, 6–8 × 5.5–8 μm (mean = 7 × 6.5 μm, n = 20). Chlamydospores and Setae are absent.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reach 60 mm in diameter after 7 days of growth at 25 °C in the dark, flat with medium density, entire margin fluffy. The upper view is olivaceous grey in the center and greyish-white in the margin. The reverse is olivaceous in the center with olivaceous and primrose circles.
Material examined: Thailand, Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai District, Doi Hang, on persimmon (Diospyros ehretioides), February 2023, Maryam Fallahi, dried culture MF117-1 (MFLU 24-0236), living culture, MFLUCC 24-0238.
Notes: Strain MFLUCC 24-0238 clustered with Colletotrichum plurivorum (CBS 125474, ex-holotype) in the Colletotrichum orchidearum species complex by 100% ML, 100% MP bootstrap support, and 1.0 BYPP. The base pair differences between C. plurivorum strains MFLUCC 24-0238 and CBS 125474 revealed 0.53% (1/187 bp) differences in gapdh, 0.46% (1/217 bp) differences in act, and no difference in ITS, chs-1, and tub2. Colletotrichum plurivorum (MFLUCC 24-0238) is similar to C. plurivorum in morphology (CBS 125474) (Damm et al. 2019). However, it produced slightly shorter appressoria with an L/W ratio = 1.1 (6–8 × 5.5–8 μm in C. plurivorum (MFLUCC 24-0238) vs. 12.5–18.5 × 6.5–11.5 μm (L/W ratio = 1.75) in C. plurivorum (CBS 125474, ex-type)) (Damm et al. 2019). Colletotrichum plurivorum is closely related to C. cliviicola and differs by a few nucleotides in each gene. The asexual morph of the two species is morphologically similar. However, the growth rate of C. plurivorum is slower than that of C. cliviicola (Damm et al. 2009). Colletotrichum plurivorum was first isolated from Capsicum annuum in the Sichuan province of China and has a wide host range, including Phaseolus lunatus, P. vulgaris, Gossypium spp., Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Coffea spp. (Damm et al. 2019; Hassan et al. 2022; Liu et al. 2016). In this study, we isolated C. plurivorum from persimmon in northern Thailand as a new host record.
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of the Colletotrichum orchidearum species complex generated by maximum likelihood of combined ITS, gapdh, chs-1, act, and tub2 sequence data. The ultrafast maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap support values ≥50% (BT) as well as Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥0.90 (BYPP) are shown, respectively, near the nodes. The ex-type strains are marked with an asterisk. The tree is rooted in Colletotrichum merremiae (CBS 124955)
Figure 2. Colletotrichum plurivorum (MFLUCC 24-0238) a brown leaf spot on persimmon leaves b front, and c back view of the colony on PDA after seven days d acervuli on PDA e, f conidiophores and conidiogenous cells g chlamydospore h, i ascus j–l appressoria. Scale bars: 10 μm.
- Fallahi M, Armand A, AI-Otibi F, Hyde KD. Pathogenic fungi (Sordariomycetes) associated with annual and perennial crops in Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 117, 191–265. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.117.137112
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